Từ vựng IELTS Writing & Speaking chủ đề ENVIRONMENT

Trong bất kỳ kỹ năng nào của Tiếng Anh, từ vựng chính là yếu tố thiết yếu cho mọi khía cạnh. Muốn chinh phục điểm số cao trong bài thi, việc nắm chắc vốn từ vựng là những điều bạn không nên bỏ qua. Vì vậy, trong bài viết này, hãy cùng với IELTS Thanh Loan tìm hiểu những từ vựng liên quan đến chủ đề Môi trường trong kỳ thi IELTS, nhằm giúp bạn hoàn thành bài thi một cách dễ dàng nhé

Nguyên nhân gây nên các vấn đề về môi trường 

1, industrial waste (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the waste generated as a byproduct of industrial processes and activities.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: chất thải công nghiệp
• Ví dụ: The factory released a significant amount of industrial waste into the nearby river, causing pollution and harming aquatic life.

2, plastic pollution crisis (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the severe environmental issue caused by the excessive use and improper disposal of plastic, leading to pollution of ecosystems and harm to wildlife.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: khủng hoảng ô nhiễm nhựa
• Ví dụ: The plastic pollution crisis has led to the accumulation of plastic debris in oceans, endangering marine animals.

3, the burning of fossil fuels (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, which releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: sự đốt cháy nhiên liệu hóa thạch
• Ví dụ: The burning of fossil fuels is a major contributor to air pollution and climate change.

4, the melting of the polar ice caps (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the gradual melting of the ice covering polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic)
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: băng tan chảy
• Ví dụ: The melting of the polar ice caps has led to rising sea levels, posing a threat to coastal communities.

5, desertification /dɪˌzɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the process by which land changes into desert, for example because there has been too much farming activity on it or because a lot of trees have been cut down
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: quá trình sa mạc hoá
• Ví dụ: Trees help to prevent desertification, as well as providing shade and firewood.

6, to increase carbon footprint (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to raise the total amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, emitted into the atmosphere 
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: tăng lượng khí nhà thải nhà kính
• Ví dụ: Flying frequently and using gas-powered vehicles can significantly increase your carbon footprint.

7, to exploit natural resources (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to utilize natural resources for economic gain, often without considering long-term sustainability.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: khai thác tài nguyên tự nhiên
• Ví dụ: The mining company planned to exploit the region’s mineral deposits, despite concerns about environmental impact.

8, logging /ˈlɒɡ.ɪŋ/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the activity of cutting down trees in order to use their wood
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: việc chặt phá rừng
• Ví dụ: Forests have been felled for logging and large agricultural projects.

9, greenhouse gas /ˌɡriːn.haʊs ˈɡæs/ (noun)

• Định  nghĩa: a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: hiệu ứng nhà kính
• Ví dụ: We need a global system for limiting greenhouse gas emissions.

10, forest fire /ˈfɒr.ɪst ˌfaɪər/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: a fire burning in an area of land with many trees, that is difficult to control and sometimes spreads quickly
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: cháy rừng
• Ví dụ: In recent weeks forest fires have swept through large areas of Arizona and Colorado.

11, deforestation /diːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: phá rừng
• Ví dụ: Not many officials are concerned about the problem of deforestation.

12, gas exhaust/emission (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the release of gases, often pollutants, into the atmosphere 
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: khí thải
• Ví dụ: The car’s gas emissions contained harmful pollutants that negatively impacted air quality.

13, carbon dioxide emissions (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities 
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: phát thải khí CO2
• Ví dụ: The country pledged to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by transitioning to renewable energy sources.

14, overuse/ abuse /ˌəʊ.vəˈjuːz/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: excessive use or treatment of something, often leading to negative consequences.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: lạm dụng quá mức
• Ví dụ: The over-abuse of pesticides in agriculture resulted in soil contamination and harm to beneficial insects.

15, dangerous/harmful/hazardous/poisonous/toxic waste (noun)

• Định nghĩa: waste materials that can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment due to their toxic properties.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: chất thải độc hại
• Ví dụ: The factory was fined for improperly disposing of toxic waste, which contaminated nearby water sources.

16, untreated waste (noun)

• Định nghĩa: waste that has not undergone any treatment before disposal.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: chất thải chưa được xử lý
• Ví dụ: The release of untreated waste into the river led to severe water pollution and fish die-offs.

17, fossil fuels (noun)

• Định nghĩa: non-renewable energy sources derived from ancient organic materials, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: nhiên liệu hóa thạch
• Ví dụ: The world’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels for energy has contributed to air pollution and climate change.

18, illegal dumping (noun)

• Định nghĩa: disposing of waste materials in unauthorized locations or in a manner that violates environmental regulations.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: xả rác trái quy định
• Ví dụ: The company faced legal action for engaging in illegal dumping of hazardous waste in a protected natural area.

19, habitat destruction (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the process of damaging a natural habitat, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecosystems.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: phá hủy môi trường sống tự nhiên
• Ví dụ: The construction project resulted in the habitat destruction of several endangered species in the area.

20, intensive farming (noun)

• Định nghĩa: agricultural practices that involve high input of resources, such as fertilizers and pesticides, often leading to high yields but potential environmental and sustainability issues.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: canh tác quá mức
• Ví dụ: Intensive farming practices have led to soil degradation and water contamination in some regions.

21, overpopulation /ˌəʊ.vəˌpɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the fact of a country or city, etc. having too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available there
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: tình trạng đông dân
• Ví dụ:  Overpopulation is one of the most concerning problems currently.

22, overgrazing /ˌəʊ.vəˈɡreɪ.zɪŋ/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: a situation in which there are too many cows or other animals eating grass in an area, which damages the environment
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: chăn thả quá mức
• Ví dụ: Another problem is erosion of stream banks caused by overgrazing.

Hậu quả của các vấn đề môi trường lên con người và động vật 

1, to threaten species with extinction (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to put species at risk of disappearing completely from the Earth.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: đe dọa loài với sự tuyệt chủng
• Ví dụ: Habitat loss and poaching threaten many species with extinction, including the rhinoceros.

2, to increase the risk of respiratory infections (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to raise the likelihood of contracting infections or diseases affecting the respiratory system.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: tăng nguy cơ mắc các bệnh hô hấp
• Ví dụ: Air pollution caused by vehicle emissions can increase the risk of respiratory infections, especially in densely populated urban areas

3, to cause buildings and monuments to decays (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to lead to the deterioration and damage of structures and historical landmarks.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: gây sự suy tàn cho các công trình và di tích
• Ví dụ: Acid rain has caused the decay of ancient buildings and monuments over time.

4, to create dust storms (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to generate strong winds that pick up and carry dust particles, leading to the formation of dust storms.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: tạo ra bão cát
• Ví dụ: Land overexploitation can remove vegetation cover, creating conditions conducive to dust storms.

5, to kill millions of marine animals (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to cause the death of a large number of marine organisms.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: giết chết hàng triệu động vật biển
• Ví dụ: Oil spills in the ocean can have devastating effects, killing millions of marine animals and disrupting entire ecosystems.

6, to degrade ecosystems (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to cause a decline in the health and functioning of ecosystems.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: làm suy thoái hệ sinh thái
• Ví dụ: Deforestation and pollution can degrade ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity and imbalances in natural processes.

7, to threaten natural habitats (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to jeopardize the survival of native environments where organisms live.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: đe dọa môi trường sống tự nhiên
• Ví dụ: Urban expansion and industrial development often threaten natural habitats of various wildlife species.

8, to pollute the atmosphere/the environment/oceans (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to contaminate bodies of water, the air, or the environment with harmful substances.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: làm ô nhiễm không khí/môi trường/đại dương
• Ví dụ: Industrial discharges and untreated sewage can pollute oceans, affecting aquatic life and human health.

9, soil erosion (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: the process of soil being removed or worn away by factors like water, wind, or human activity.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: xói mòn đất
• Ví dụ: Deforestation and improper land use can contribute to soil erosion, leading to loss of fertile topsoil.

10, to contaminate groundwater/the soil/food/crops (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to introduce pollutants or harmful substances into groundwater, soil, food, or crops.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: làm ô nhiễm nước ngầm/đất/thực phẩm/mùa màng
• Ví dụ: Improper waste disposal can contaminate groundwater, making it unsafe for drinking and irrigation.

11, to damage/destroy the environment/a marine ecosystem/the ozone layer/coral reefs (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to cause harm or destruction to the environment, a marine ecosystem, the ozone layer, or coral reefs.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: phá hủy môi trường/hệ sinh thái dưới nước/tầng ozon/rặng san hô
• Ví dụ: Pollution from industrial activities can damage the environment, leading to soil contamination and air pollution.

12, to cause/contribute to climate change/global warming (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to be a factor in bringing about climate change or the overall warming of the Earth.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: gây ra biến đổi khí hậu/nóng lên toàn cầu
• Ví dụ: The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases that cause climate change and contribute to global warming.

13, natural disaster (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: an event resulting from natural processes that causes significant damage or destruction to human life, property, or the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: thảm họa thiên nhiên
• Ví dụ: The earthquake and subsequent tsunami were considered a natural disaster that devastated the coastal communities.

14, endangered species (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: species that are at risk of becoming extinct in the near future if protective measures are not taken.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: sinh vật đứng gần bờ vực tuyệt chủng
• Ví dụ: The black rhinoceros is an endangered species due to habitat loss and poaching.

15, ozone layer depletion (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: the thinning or reduction of the ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere, primarily caused by human-made chemicals.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: suy thoái tầng ozone, thủng tầng ozone
• Ví dụ: The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in aerosol products contributes to ozone layer depletion, allowing harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth’s surface.

16, acid rain (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: precipitation (rain, snow, sleet) that has become acidic due to the presence of pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: mưa axit
• Ví dụ: Acid rain can damage forests, aquatic ecosystems, and buildings, negatively impacting the environment and human structures.

Biện pháp xử lý các vấn đề môi trường 

1, to replace gasoline-fueled cars with zero-emissions vehicles (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to substitute traditional gasoline-powered vehicles with vehicles that produce no harmful emissions.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: thay thế xe chạy bằng xăng bằng các phương tiện không phát ra khí thải.
• Ví dụ: Many countries are encouraging citizens to replace their gasoline-fueled cars with electric vehicles to reduce air pollution.

2, to install pollution control devices (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to set up equipment or systems that reduce or eliminate pollutants released into the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: lắp đặt thiết bị kiểm soát ô nhiễm.
• Ví dụ: The factory decided to install advanced pollution control devices to reduce the emission of harmful chemicals into the air.

3, to take public transport instead of driving a car (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to use buses, trains, or other forms of shared transportation rather than driving a personal car.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: sử dụng phương tiện giao thông công cộng thay vì lái xe cá nhân.
• Ví dụ: In an effort to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, more people are choosing to take public transport.

4, to adopt laws to regulate emissions (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to establish legal regulations that control the amount of pollutants released into the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: ban hành luật pháp để quản lý khí thải.
• Ví dụ: The government implemented strict laws to regulate emissions from factories and vehicles to improve air quality.

5, to develop renewable energy (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to create energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, or water power.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: phát triển năng lượng tái tạo.
• Ví dụ: Many countries are investing in research and technology to develop more efficient methods of harnessing renewable energy.

6, to choose products with less packaging/ wrapping (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to select items that have minimal packaging or wrapping to reduce waste.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: chọn các sản phẩm có ít bao bì/đóng gói hơn.
• Ví dụ: Consumers are becoming more conscious of their environmental impact by opting for products with eco-friendly packaging.

7, to lead a greener life/ go green (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to adopt lifestyle choices and habits that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: sống xanh
• Ví dụ: By using reusable bags and reducing water consumption, Sarah strives to lead a greener life.

8, to offset CO2 emissions (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to reduce an equivalent amount of CO2.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: giảm thiểu khí thải CO2.
• Ví dụ: Airlines offer passengers the option to offset their flight’s carbon emissions by contributing to reforestation projects.

9, to raise awareness of environmental issues (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to increase knowledge and understanding among the public about environmental concerns.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: nâng cao nhận thức về các vấn đề môi trường.
• Ví dụ: The organization organized workshops and seminars to raise awareness of the importance of recycling and reducing plastic use.

10, to cut down on/reduce pollution/greenhouse gas emissions (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to decrease the amount of pollution or greenhouse gases released into the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: giảm ô nhiễm/lượng khí thải nhà kính.
• Ví dụ: The city government is implementing measures to cut down on pollution by promoting cleaner energy sources and waste management practices.

11, to limit/curb/control air/water/atmospheric/environmental pollution (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to restrict, restrain, or manage the occurrence of pollution in the air, water, atmosphere, or the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: hạn chế/ngăn chặn/kiểm soát ô nhiễm không khí/nước/bầu khí quyển/môi trường.
• Ví dụ: Strict regulations were enforced to limit water pollution by controlling the discharge of industrial waste into rivers.

12, renewable energy from solar, wind or water power (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: energy generated from sources like sunlight, wind, or water that are naturally replenished.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: năng lượng tái tạo từ năng lượng mặt trời, gió và nước.
• Ví dụ: The installation of solar panels and wind turbines allows homes to harness renewable energy and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

13, to promote public campaigns (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to actively support initiatives aimed at raising awareness and engaging the public in a specific cause or issue.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: đẩy mạnh các chiến dịch cộng đồng.
• Ví dụ: The government launched a public campaign to promote recycling and waste reduction

14, eco-friendly source (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: a source of energy or material that has a minimal negative impact on the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: nguồn nhiên liệu thân thiện.
• Ví dụ: Solar panels are considered an eco-friendly source of electricity because they harness energy from the sun without emitting pollutants.

15, sustainable energy source (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: a source of energy that can be utilized without depleting natural resources and causing harm to the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: nguồn nhiên liệu bền vững.
• Ví dụ: Wind power is a sustainable energy source that uses wind turbines to generate electricity without emitting greenhouse gases.

16, green technology (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: technological innovations designed to minimize the environmental impact and promote sustainability.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: công nghệ xanh.
• Ví dụ: Electric cars and solar-powered devices are examples of green technology that aim to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

17, sustainable living (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: a lifestyle that prioritizes choices and actions that contribute to environmental well-being and long-term sustainability.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: sống bền vững.
• Ví dụ: Embracing sustainable living involves reducing waste, conserving resources, and supporting renewable energy.

18, to introduce green taxes (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: taxes imposed on activities or products that have negative environmental impacts, intended to encourage greener choices.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: giới thiệu thuế bảo vệ môi trường.
• Ví dụ: The government introduced green taxes on carbon emissions to incentivize companies to reduce their pollution levels.

19, biodegradable packaging (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: packaging materials that can naturally break down and decompose without causing harm to the environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: bao bì sinh học có thể phân hủy.
• Ví dụ: The use of biodegradable packaging for food products reduces plastic waste and environmental pollution.

20, to encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to promote the advancement and widespread adoption of technologies that have positive environmental impacts.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: khuyến khích sự phát triển và lan truyền các công nghệ thân thiện với môi trường.
• Ví dụ: Governments can encourage innovation by offering incentives to companies that develop and promote environmentally friendly technologies.

21, to reduce (the size of) your carbon footprint (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to decrease the total amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, emitted into the atmosphere as a result of one’s activities.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: làm giảm (kích cỡ của) dấu chân carbon của bạn.
• Ví dụ: Using public transport and minimizing energy consumption at home are ways to reduce your carbon footprint.

22, to reserve/conserve biodiversity/natural resources (verb phrase)

• Định nghĩa: to protect and maintain the variety of life forms and ecosystems, as well as the resources provided by the natural environment.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: bảo tồn/giữ gìn sự đa dạng sinh học/tài nguyên thiên nhiên.
• Ví dụ: National parks are established to preserve biodiversity by providing protected habitats for various plant and animal species.

23, afforestation /əˌfɒrəˈsteɪʃən/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: the action of planting trees on an area of land in order to make a forest
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: trồng rừng
• Ví dụ: To enforce incentives to plant trees, afforestation responsibility was decentralized to local leaders in 1984.

24, organic farming /ɔːˈɡænɪk ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: agricultural practices that emphasize the use of natural fertilizers and methods without synthetic chemicals.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: canh tác hữu cơ.
• Ví dụ: Organic farming avoids the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, promoting soil health and biodiversity.

25, biofuel /ˈbaɪ.əʊˌfjuː.əl/ (noun)

• Định nghĩa: a fuel that is made from living things or their waste
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: nhiên liệu sinh học
• Ví dụ: Ethanol, which is made from crops like corn, is an example of a biofuel used as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

26, electronic waste recycling (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: the process of collecting, dismantling, and reusing electronic devices to prevent them from becoming hazardous waste.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: tái chế chất thải điện tử.
• Ví dụ: Proper electronic waste recycling prevents harmful substances from leaching into the soil and water.

27, green building design (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: the practice of designing buildings with a focus on energy efficiency, sustainability, and minimal environmental impact.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: thiết kế công trình xanh.
• Ví dụ: Green building design incorporates features like solar panels, natural lighting, and efficient insulation to reduce energy consumption.

28, urban planning (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: the process of designing and organizing urban spaces, infrastructure, and land use to create functional, sustainable, and livable environments.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: quy hoạch đô thị.
• Ví dụ: Effective urban planning considers factors like transportation, green spaces, and waste management to ensure a city’s sustainable growth.

29, green procurement /prəˈkjʊə.mənt/ (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: the purchase of goods and services that cause minimal adverse environmental impact.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: mua sắm xanh.
• Ví dụ: Many organizations are adopting green procurement policies to support environmentally friendly products and reduce their ecological footprint.

30, ecological restoration projects (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: initiatives aimed at restoring or rehabilitating ecosystems that have been degraded or damaged.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: dự án phục hồi sinh thái.
• Ví dụ: Ecological restoration projects involve re-planting native species and improving habitat quality to bring back the natural balance of an area

31, smart grids (noun phrase)

• Định nghĩa: modern electrical grids that incorporate digital communication and automation technology to optimize energy distribution, consumption, and efficiency.
• Nghĩa Tiếng Việt: lưới điện thông minh.
• Ví dụ: Smart grids enable better monitoring and control of energy flow, reducing wastage and promoting renewable energy integration.

Hy vọng những từ vựng trên sẽ giúp bạn bổ sung thêm kho từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Environment. Nếu bạn vẫn chưa tự tin về trình độ Tiếng Anh của bản thân, cùng tham khảo kho tài liệu ôn thi miễn phí từ IELTS Thanh Loan nhé.